Monthly Archives: May 2021

 

• Has the passage of ObamaCare with its associated additional 3.8% Obama Care Tax make you feel like leaving the country?
• Or perhaps you're so sick of liberal Democrats trying to socialize the United States by taxing wealthy people?
• Or maybe you're a naturalized U.S. citizen or permanent resident who has prospered here, but would now like to move back the old country for retirement or to start a new venture?

Whatever your motives, just because you leave the United States and renounce your citizenship, don't assume you can leave U.S. taxes (or U.S. tax forms and complexity) behind, particularly if you are financially well-off.

For those who expatriate after June 16, 2008, the rules are different, since Internal Revenue Code Section 877A applies instead of Section 877. You are subject to an immediate exit tax, which deems you (for tax purposes) to have sold all of your worldwide property for its fair market value the day before your departure from the U.S.

In 1994 a Forbes cover story described how such wealthy Americans as Campbell Soup heir John (Ippy) Dorrance III, the late Carnival founder Ted Arison and Dart Container heir Kenneth Dart had given up their U.S. citizenship and avoided U.S. income or estate tax. Perhaps the most clever was Dart, who managed to come back "home" as the Belize ambassador to the U.S., manning a newly opened Belize embassy in Sarasota, Fla., right where he had previously lived! Since that time, Congress has repeatedly tightened the screws on tax-motivated expatriation.

10 things you need to know about Expatriation:

(set forth below and in two subsequent blog posts)

1. Uncle Sam taxes income worldwide.
The U.S. is unusual in that it asserts the right to tax the worldwide income (and at death assets) of its citizens and those who have become permanent residents. It doesn't matter where you live, where the income is earned, or where else you might pay tax. Yes, you may receive foreign tax credits on your U.S. Form 1040 for taxes you pay elsewhere and those credits will offset some (but typically not all) of the financial burden of paying tax in multiple jurisdictions. But the key point is that if you are a U.S. citizen or a permanent U.S. resident, no matter where you move, Uncle Sam will assert a claim on your wealth. So being a U.S. citizen can be expensive.

2. Expatriating means really leaving.
To even think about putting himself beyond the reach of the Internal Revenue Service, a citizen must give up U.S. citizenship and (in the case of citizens subject to Internal Revenue Code Section 877) severely limit the time spendy in the U.S. to not more than 30 days a year. Under that section, a person who attempts to renounce U.S. citizenship but then spends more than 30 days a year in the U.S. will be treated as a U.S. citizen or resident for that year. You may think no one has ever done this, but many have. Permanent U.S. residents (holding green cards) also pay U.S. tax on their worldwide income. They may find it easier to take the expatriation plunge, particularly if family or business opportunities beckon in their country of origin.

3. The old 10-year window is closed.
Back in 1966 Congress enacted the Foreign Investors Tax Act of 1966, signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson. Essentially expatriates were subject to U.S. tax on their U.S.-source income at normal U.S. tax rates for a full 10 years following their expatriation. Significantly, though, a person could avoid this tax entirely if he did not have as one of his principal purposes the avoidance of U.S. federal income, estate or gift taxes. Of course few people would admit they had a principal purpose of tax evasion, and the government had a hard time proving it. Suffice it to say that there were lots of people (with good lawyers) marrying foreigners, returning to the country of their birth, etc. The system didn't work very well, and little tax was collected.

"Should I Stay or Should I Go?"

  

 

Need Advise on Expatriation? 
 

 

Contact the Tax Lawyers of
Marini & Associates, P.A. 

For a FREE Tax Consultation at:
www.TaxAid.us or www.TaxLaw.ms 
or Toll Free at 888-8TaxAid ( 888 882-9243)  

Read more at: Tax Times blog

The Court of Federal Claims has held that penalties assessed for failure to file a Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR or FinCEN Form 114) are not internal revenue taxes subject to the full-payment requirement.

The Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) requires "United States persons" who have relationships with foreign financial agencies to disclose these relationships to the U.S. Department of Treasury (Treasury Department) on an FBAR. (31 U.S.C. §5314(a); 31 CFR §1010.350) Civil money penalties may be imposed under the BSA on any person who fails to file a required FBAR. The Treasury Department may sue for collection of the penalty. (31 U.S.C. § 5321)

Although the BSA is in title 31 of the U.S. Code, the authority to enforce 31 U.S.C. §5314 and collect FBAR penalties under 31 U.S.C. § 5321 has been delegated to IRS. (31 CFR § 1010.810(g))

The Court of Federal Claims has jurisdiction in any civil action against the United States for the recovery of any internal revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority, or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal revenue laws (28 U.S.C. § 1346(a)(1))

Courts lack jurisdiction of suits for refund of income tax unless the taxpayer has paid the entire amount of the assessment against it. (Flora v. United States (S Ct 1960) 5 AFTR 2d 1046; (S Ct 1958) 1 AFTR 2d 1925)

The Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has stated in a footnote that it was "inclined to believe" that FBAR penalties are internal revenue taxes within the scope of 28 U.S.C. § 1346(a)(1), and are therefore subject to the Flora full payment rule. (Bedrosian v. U.S. (CA 3) 122 AFTR 2d 2018-7052)

In this case the IRS assessed a $752,920 penalty against Raghuveer Mendu for failing to file an FBAR with respect to foreign bank accounts that he had signatory authority over.

Mendu made a $1,000 partial payment against this penalty and filed suit in the Court of Federal Claims, alleging that the FBAR penalty assessed against him was erroneous and resulted in an illegal exaction of his $1,000 partial payment.

The government filed a counterclaim seeking payment of the entire FBAR penalty plus interest.

Mendu then filed a motion to dismiss his own claim, contending that the Court of Federal Claims lacked jurisdiction over it because the full-payment rule applied.

The Court of Federal Claims stated that the structure of the BSA indicated that the FBAR was not an internal revenue tax, as it was part of Title 31 of the United States Code ("Money and Finance"), not the Internal Revenue Code in Title 26. Congress's placement of FBAR penalties outside Title 26 means that they are not subject to various cross-references that equate penalties contained in Title 26 with taxes. The court noted that both Mendu and the government acknowledged they were unable to find any example of a penalty outside the Code that was subject to the Flora full-payment rule.

The Court of Federal Claims said that the Third Circuit's footnote in Bedrosian was unpersuasive. Jurisdiction was not at issue in Bedrosian, the Third Circuit dealt with the full-payment issue in a cursory fashion, and it said it left a definitive holding on the issue for another day.

Have IRS Tax Problems?

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Read more at: Tax Times blog

We previously posted IRS CONTINUES to Criminally Prosecutes Employers For Failure To Pay Withheld Payroll Taxes - As Promised! where we discussed that the IRS is stepping up criminally prosecuting business owners for failing to turn over withheld payroll taxes.

Now according to the DoJ, a federal grand jury in Atlanta, Georgia, returned an indictment on April 13, 2021 charging a Georgia man with failing to pay employment taxes and with obstructing the collection efforts of the IRS. 

According to the indictment, from 2009 through 2018, Douglas Mittleider, of Adairsville, was in charge of several long-term care facilities located throughout the United States, and was responsible for withholding and paying employment taxes on behalf of his employees. 

Notwithstanding his obligations, Mittleider allegedly did not fully pay over these withholdings, resulting in an outstanding balance of more than $10,000,000 being owed to the IRS. From approximately November 2011 to the present, Mittleider allegedly attempted to obstruct IRS efforts to collect employment taxes that were due by filing false employment tax returns and directing payment of corporate funds to his family members instead of to the IRS. 

The defendant’s initial court appearance will be scheduled at a later date in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. If convicted, he faces a maximum penalty of three years (3) in prison on the obstruction charge and five (5) years in prison on each of the other charges. A federal district court judge will determine any sentence after considering the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other statutory factors. 

Read more at: Tax Times blog

On its webpage, the IRS has discussed its Identity Verification Service, used to verify the identity of taxpayers when the IRS thinks there might be a case of identity theft.

If the IRS thinks there might be a case of identity theft and someone besides the taxpayer is trying to get the taxpayer's refund, then it will send one of a series of letters (letters 4883C, 5071C, 5447C, 5747C, 6330C, and 6331C) asking that the receiver of the letter verify their identity.

There are three ways to verify your identity with the IRS—online, by phone, and in-person. If you receive a 4883C or 6330C letter, you must call the IRS to verify your identity.

But if you (1) received a 5071C, 5747C, 6331C, or 5447C letter and (2) your financial and phone information is U.S.-based, then you can verify your identity online using the Identity Verification Service (IVS) website. The webpage does not give details as to how to determine whether you have U.S.-based financial and phone information.

The webpage mentions that if you received a 5071C, 5747C, 6331C, or 5447C letter and cannot verify online, then you can verify by calling the IRS phone number listed in the letter. Thus, if your financial or phone information is not U.S.-based, then you can verify via phone. The webpage also says that taxpayers who do not have the required documentation (discussed below) should also verify via phone.

If the IRS can't verify your identity over the phone, it may ask you to schedule an appointment at your local IRS office to verify your identity in person.

To use IVS, you first have to register. Then you can verify your identity. To register and verify, you need the following five things. You will need to enter some of this information into the IVS website:

1. Your personal account number from a:

   • Credit card,

   • Mortgage,

   • Student loan,

   • Home equity loan or home equity line of credit, or

   • Car loan

2. A mobile phone associated with your name.

3. Your 5071C letter, 5747C letter, 5447C letter, or 6331C letter.

4. The income tax return (Form 1040, 1040-PR, 1040-NR, 1040-SR, etc.) for the year shown on the letter. The IRS notes that a Form W-2 or 1099 is not an income tax return.

5. Your mailing address from your previous year's tax return. 

The webpage does not give details as to what is meant by "previous year's tax return." For example, if the letter shows 2017, and you have already filed your 2020 return, it isn't clear whether the “previous year’s tax return” refers to 2016 or 2019.

If you have filed a tax return with a new address, you must enter the old address from the previous year, even if it's not your current address. If you just filed your first tax return, then select the option labeled "I have not filed a tax return in the past seven years" as your filing status.

Have IRS Tax Problems?

     Contact the Tax Lawyers at

Read more at: Tax Times blog