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Best International Tax Structure for a U.S. Business

Most foreign countries require a local corporation to run a business.

But there is a problem. The IRS denies the foreign tax credit and a deduction of a business loss to the privately owned businesses. Without the foreign tax credit, you will pay tax twice on the same profit. First in the foreign country and again in the USA.

England, Scotland, most of Europe, China and Mexico are restrictive in letting a foreign business into their country. America is not this way because states’ rights. These countries require you to incorporate in their country.

Back in 1996, the IRS issued the “check the box’ regulations which allow some foreign entities to elect to be treated like a domestic LLC. If the election is made, then the entities are disregarded if there is only one owner. With more than one owner they are partnerships. If elected before business begins, this is a good tax structure, but not the best legal structure for asset protection (in the United States).

However, most foreign corporation used in Europe, Asia and Latin America are often not eligible of the check the box election. These are known as “Per Se” corporations. Here is the cause of the double taxation, loss of tax losses and loss of the foreign tax credit.

The American business must file the complex Form 5471 reporting the controlled foreign corporation subpart F income. Few CPA’s are experts in this field. So, you may need a consultant, like me. The solution is to find a method to allow the foreign corporation to elect Sub Chapter S and file a simple Form 1120S and not the Form 5471.

These foreign corporations cannot elect Sub Chapter S. Thus, the foreign tax credit is trapped inside the corporate shell.

The Department of the Treasury now allows a dual resident corporation. Your foreign corporation can also be a domestic sub chapter S corporation. The complex Form 5471 is replaced by the simplifier Form 1120-S (the return for a subchapter S corporation).

Read more at: Tax Times blog

IRS Extends Timeline for Streamlined Installment Agreements

Examiners are now authorized to prepare streamlined installment agreements for taxpayers having a tax deficiency of $25,000 or less that can be paid within 72 months, according to the Internal Revenue Service Small Business/Self-Employed Division.

Tax deficiencies include tax, penalties, and interest, according to the memorandum (SBSE-04-0412-021). The time frame to pay under a streamlined installment agreement was previously 60 months.

Examiners must continue to refer to Collection any taxpayer seeking an installment agreement who has a deficiency exceeding the $25,000 limit, IRS said. The dollar limit has been raised to $50,000 for Collection to secure a streamlined installment agreement, the memorandum said.

Read more at: Tax Times blog

A Federal Tax Case Brought in Virgin Islands May Be Transferred

The District Court of the Virgin Islands has “exclusive jurisdiction” over Virgin Island tax cases only vis-a-vis Virgin Island local courts and therefore it could transfer a case to another federal district court, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit held April 12 (Birdman v. Office of the Governor,3rd Cir., No. 10-4189, 4/12/12).

Judge Thomas Ambro held the appellants/petitioners stated no cause of action against the Virgin Islands in the district court and in the alternative the Virgin Islands had taken no administrative action against the appellants/petitioners regarding the 2006 tax year and so a claim was not ripe.

The appellants/petitioners, Harvey and Diane Birdman and Herbert and Bonita Hirsch, formed Virgin Island corporations that were among the limited partners in a Virgin Islands limited liability partnership. Both couples asserted they were not bona fide residents of the Virgin Islands in 2006 but claimed part of their income was derived from sources within the Virgin Islands under Internal Revenue Code Section 932. Both couples filed two tax returns: one with the United States and one with the Virgin Islands. But the couples each only made one payment.

The lawsuit asked the Virgin Islands to declare whether the income in question was derived from sources within the Virgin Islands. Against the U.S., the couples requested refunds of the amounts they claimed should be paid to the Virgin Islands.

OPINION OF THE COURT

These consolidated cases stem from a single lawsuit by two married couples and their affiliated entities. They sued the Virgin Islands and its tax agency seeking a determination of the source of certain income, and the United States seeking tax refunds. The United States District Court of the Virgin Islands (the “V. I. District Court” or simply the “District Court”) dismissed their claim against the Virgin Islands and transferred their claims against the United States to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. The plaintiffs have directly appealed the District Court's dismissal of their claim against the Virgin Islands, and they have filed a petition for a writ of mandamus concerning their claims against the United States.1 For the reasons that follow, we affirm the holding of the District Court and deny the mandamus petition.

Read more at: Tax Times blog

IRS Can Reclassify S Corp Distributions as Wages

IRS Knows the Game

The IRS is aware of the strategy of using modest S corporation salaries to reduce federal employment taxes for shareholder-employees. The tax-saving advantage is lost if the government successfully asserts that S corporation cash distributions are actually disguised salary payments. Then, the corporation can be hit with back employment taxes, interest, and penalties.

Back in 2002, a Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration report said IRS auditors should be devoting substantial attention to the issue of understated compensation for S corporation shareholder-employees. Therefore, be prepared to defend stated shareholder-employee salary amounts as being reasonable for the work performed.

The Courts Have Weighed in, Including a Recent Decision

There have been several court decisions on the subject of paying minimal salaries to S corporation shareholder-employees in order to minimize federal employment taxes. These decisions make it clear that the IRS has the power to reclassify purported S corporation cash distributions as disguised shareholder-employee wages when stated compensation payments are unreasonably low. This means they are subject to federal employment taxes. (Cases include Joseph Radtke, S.C.,7th Circuit, 1990, and Veterinary Surgical Consultants, P.C., 3rd Circuit, 2004.)

These cases may not be very illuminating because they involve obvious compensation understatements where stated salaries for shareholder-employees were zero or next to nothing. A recent decision was more informative.

Facts of the new case: An individual replaced his partnership interest (the net income from which was subject to the Social Security and Medicare taxes in the form of the self-employment tax) with a 100 percent owned S corporation. The individual then functioned as an employee of the S corporation. For the two years in question, the S corporation paid him annual salaries of $24,000 and also paid him cash distributions of about $203,000 and $175,000, respectively. Upon audit, the IRS reclassified a portion of the cash distributions as wages subject to federal employment taxes. An Iowa District Court agreed. The shareholder-employee appealed to the Eighth Circuit, which agreed with the District Court. An IRS expert estimated that the shareholder-employee's services were worth an annual salary of about $91,000. Therefore, both courts concluded that the IRS was justified in reclassifying about $67,000 ($91,000 minus $24,000) of the purported cash distributions paid in each of the two years in question as additional wages that were subject to federal employment taxes. (David Watson, P.C., 8th Circuit, 2012).

Conclusion: Because of the risk of assessments for back federal employment taxes, penalties, and interest, S corporation shareholder-employees should be sensitive to the issue of understated compensation paid to them. This is especially true for professional service S corporations. Gathering evidence to demonstrate that outsiders could be hired to perform the same work for salaries equal to the stated (modest) salaries paid to shareholder employees is a good idea.

Contact Marini & Associates, P.A. at 888 882 9243 or www.TaxLaw.ms if you have questions or want more information on this issue.


Read more at: Tax Times blog

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