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Category Archives: criminal tax law

The U.S. Will Start to Automatically Receive CbC Reports From France & Germany

On August 25, 2021, the Competent Authorities of France and Germany agreed to automatically exchange country-by-country reports with the U.S.

According to the statements released by the Competent Authority of the U.S., French, German, and U.S. laws require multinational enterprise (MNE) groups to annually file a CbC report that conforms to the requirements of Action 13 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/G20 Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS).

U.S. MNE groups must annually file Form 8975, Country-by-Country Report, with the income tax return of the ultimate parent entity to comply with this requirement. 

The Competent Authorities of The U.S. and France Are Negotiating Agreements To Allow For The Automatic Exchange of CbC Reports Between The U.S. And France and so are
The Competent Authorities of the U.S. and Germany.

Instead of waiting for these negotiations to conclude:

  • The Competent Authorities of the U.S. and France have agreed to automatically exchange the CbC reports MNE groups file for fiscal years beginning in calendar 2021. The CbC reports will automatically be exchanged as soon possible after they are received and no later than 15 months after the last day of the fiscal year of the MNE group to which the report relates.

  • The Competent Authorities of the U.S. and Germany have agreed to automatically exchange the CbC reports MNE groups file for fiscal years beginning in calendar 2020. The CbC reports will automatically be exchanged as soon possible after they are received and no later than 15 months after the last day of the fiscal year of the MNE group to which the report relates.

The Competent Authorities of France and Germany also intend to notify the U.S. when they perceive an error in a CbC report that may have led to incorrect or incomplete information reporting in the U.S. Similarly, the U.S. Competent Authority intends to notify its counterparts in Germany and France when it perceives an error in a CbC report that may have led to incorrect or incomplete information reporting in those countries. 

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Accountant's Willful Blindness Was Not Sufficient to Sustain IRS Preparer Penalty

An accountant's willful ignorance of tax understatements on client returns isn't enough to hold him liable for certain penalties, the Ninth Circuit said, vacating for the second time a California federal court's decision affirming Internal Revenue Service penalties against him.

In John Q. Rodgers v. U.S., case number 20-55378, in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, John Q. Rodgers' "willful blindness" to the tax understatements on returns he prepared for clients isn't enough to hold him liable for penalties under Internal Revenue Code Section 6694(b)(2)(A), the appeals court said Monday. It sent the case back to the California federal court to determine if Rodgers had the "specific intent to defraud the government" as required under relevant precedent, the Ninth Circuit said.

"The court must determine whether Rodgers acted with the specific intent to understate the reported tax liabilities," the opinion said. "And because the district court did not make that finding, we vacate the order and remand for further proceedings on whether the willfulness standard is satisfied."

The IRS issued penalties against Rodgers for issues with some of his clients' taxes, including overstated deductions for salaries and wages, incorrect deductions for country club dues and overstatements of costs-of-goods sold, according to court filings. Rodgers paid some of those penalties and then sued for a refund.

In the California federal court's first decision in 2017, it said Rodgers acted willfully under Section 6694(b)(2)(A) and found him liable for penalties. His "reckless disregard" was enough to find he willfully understated those taxes, the lower court ruled.

The Ninth Circuit partially vacated that ruling in June 2019, finding that Rodgers' recklessness in lowballing clients' tax liabilities didn't mean he acted willfully within the meaning of the statute, according to the opinion.

But on remand, the lower court found in 2020 that Rodgers knew there was a good chance there were understatements on his clients' returns and avoided learning of the understatements, according to filings. That "willful blindness" was enough to find that his understatements were intentional, warranting the penalties, according to the court. 

In its opinion August 30, 2021, the Ninth Circuit found that the lower court's application of the "willful blindness" doctrine wasn't enough to find that Rodgers acted willfully in his erroneous tax preparation services. In United States v. Salerno, the Ninth Circuit had found that finding a tax preparer willfully understated a client's taxes required addressing whether the preparer had the specific intent to do so, according to the opinion.

"It Is Settled Law That Willfulness 
Under Section 6694(B)(2)(A) Requires
Specific Intent To Understate Tax Liability
On Tax Returns or Claims," The Ninth Circuit Said.

Have IRS Tax Problems?


     Contact the Tax Lawyers at

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for a FREE Tax HELP Contact us at:
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or 
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New Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures For Taxpayers Who Had A Transition Tax Liability


On its
 webpage, the IRS has provided instructions for taxpayers who wish to comply with IRS's Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures and who had a liability for the IRC §965 transition tax.

The IRC §965 transition tax generally treats the accumulated post-1986 deferred foreign income (DFI) of a Specified Foreign Corporation (SFC) as Subpart F income. IRC §965 defines DFI as the greater of the DFI of such SFC determined as of November 2, 2017, or December 31, 2017. 

An election under IRC §965(h) allows a taxpayer to pay the IRC §965 net tax liability in installments over an eight-year period.

IRC §951(a)(1)(B) requires a U.S. shareholder of a CFC to include in gross income the amount determined under IRC §956 with respect to the CFC to the extent not excluded from gross income under IRC §959(a)(2). A U.S. shareholder's section 956 amount with respect to a CFC for a tax year is an amount based on the amounts of U.S. property held (directly or indirectly) by the CFC.

The streamlined filing compliance procedures (“streamlined procedures”) are available to taxpayers certifying that their failure to report foreign financial assets and pay all tax due in respect of those assets did not result from willful conduct on their part. The streamlined procedures are designed to provide to taxpayers in such situations with:

  1. a streamlined procedure for filing amended or delinquent returns, and
  2. terms for resolving their tax and penalty procedure for filing amended or delinquent returns.

A taxpayer who uses the streamlined procedures to come into compliance must remedy a specific number of tax years, generally the most recent three years for which the U.S. tax return due date (or properly-applied-for extended due date) has passed. 

Now Taxpayers That Own SFCs And Have An IRC §965(A) Amount, Who Wish To Use The Streamlined Procedures,
Must Come Into Compliance For The IRC §965 Transition Tax


 In Their Submission And Include The Tax Year In Which The Transition Tax Inclusion Might Occur (Generally 2017)
Even If That Tax Year Would Not Be Within The Standard Three-Year Lookback Period.

In other words, the lookback period for any submission to the Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures involving SFCs with an IRC §965(a) inclusion in 2017 must include tax year 2017 and include all subsequent tax years.

And, The Election To Pay Net Tax Liability In Installments Under IRC §965(H)(1) Is Not Available For Taxpayers Submitting Delinquent Returns Under
The Streamlined Procedures.

Since the disclosure scope for a submission to the Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures with a SFC will include tax years 2017 and/or 2018 and forward, noncompliant years prior to the submission scope may have previously untaxed Subpart F income or section 956 amounts. Absent the Subpart F income or section 956 amounts being reported by the taxpayer, making a submission to the streamlined procedures does not constructively provide the taxpayer with Previously Taxed Earnings & Profits (PTEP) for pre-disclosure years. 

In other words, a taxpayer using the streamlined procedures must strictly comply with the Code for purposes of IRC §965 and computing PTEP. Taxpayers must properly account for and report Subpart F income and section 956 amounts in their submission, and only amounts included in income by the taxpayer prior to the submission period and amounts included as part of the submission will constitute PTEP.

Taxpayers must include "Section 965" written in red at the top of the first page of each delinquent or amended tax return and at the top of each information return. The addition of "Section 965" should be after the annotation of "Streamlined Foreign Offshore" or "Streamlined Domestic Offshore" written in red.

The webpage provides the following hypothetical for a Streamlined Foreign Offshore submission illustrates this requirement::

  • Taxpayer A is a U.S. citizen who has lived abroad for her entire adult life. On January 1, 2010, Taxpayer A formed a foreign entity classified as a corporation for U.S. income tax purposes, Foreign Co. B. Taxpayer A owns 51% of Foreign Co. B, which has a calendar year end.
  • Taxpayer A has not filed U.S. individual income tax returns for the last ten years, and she has never filed an extension of time to file any of her income tax returns. Her failure to file income tax returns was non-willful.
  • On August 1, 2021, Taxpayer makes a submission to the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedures (SFO). Taxpayer A's SFO submission includes a Form 14653 and delinquent income tax returns for tax years 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020.
  • Taxpayer A must file Forms 5471 (Information Return of U.S. Persons With Respect to Certain Foreign Corporations) reporting her ownership of Foreign Corp. B.
  • Taxpayer A must also address the IRC §965 transition tax on her 2017 income tax return including completing a Form 965. Taxpayer A must write in red ink on the top of the first page of each of her delinquent income tax returns and at the top of each information return "Streamlined Foreign Offshore Section 965."

Do You Have Undeclared Offshore Income?

 
Want to Know Which
Voluntary Disclosure Program
is Right for You?
 
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IRS CONTINUES to Criminally Prosecutes Employers For Failure To Pay Withheld Payroll Taxes – As Promised!

 On October 29, 2019 we ORIGINALLY posted The IRS is Now Criminally Prosecuting Employers For Failure To Pay Withheld Payroll Taxes! where we discussed that the IRS is stepping up criminally prosecuting business owners for failing to turn over withheld payroll taxes.

Since then:

and now according to DoJ, a business owner in the construction industry was sentenced to one (1) year and one (1) day in prison on August 31, 2021 for employment tax fraud.

According to court documents and statements made in court, Edward Hansen owned and operated a steel erection businesses in Suffolk County. 

From 2008 to 2011, the IRS assessed more than $480,000 in penalties against Hansen for his failure to pay over employment taxes on behalf of several of these businesses. 

In the spring of 2011, after receiving another notification from IRS that he was liable for payroll taxes, Hansen closed County Steel Inc. and proceeded to operate the same steel erection business under the name BR-Teck. Hansen made another individual the nominal “President” of BR-Teck. Hansen, however, continued to operate the business and continued to not pay over employment taxes. 

From January 2012 through June 2017, Hansen did not pay the IRS more than $950,000 in payroll taxes withheld from the wages of BR-Teck’s employees. 

In addition to the  one (1) year and one (1) day in prison, U.S. District Judge Denis R. Hurley ordered Hansen to serve two years of supervised release and to pay a $5,000 fine. 

Thinking of Borrowing From Your Company's
Payroll Tax Withholdings?

You Better Thank Again, if You Like Your Freedom!


Have Payroll Tax Problems?
 
 
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